Time mechanics is the study of the relationship between the geometric structure of time and the the  fundamental ”constants” of nature;  the speed of light, gravitation and Planck’s constant. Understanding the underlying relationship between these three fundamental properties and the structure of time is important because the values of c, the speed of light, G, the gravitational constant and, h, the Planck constant are essential components of many formulas in physics, notably the equations determining the force of gravitation and the nature of matter and energy. This study explains why the speed of light is a specific speed and why the gravitational constant and the Planck constant are specific values. Each of these three values is derived as a direct function of time. Time is actually the sole variable that determines the speed of light and the gravitational and Planck constants and, therefore, is the single factor that unifies many key relationships in physics. The geometric structure of time, and its implications, is explained in detail throughout this study and is used to resolve a variety of scientific mysteries. In addition to explaining the values for the speed of light and the gravitational and Planck constants, this study determines the value of the “Hubble constant”, explains the cause of the accelerating expansion of the universe and the sunward acceleration of the pioneer spacecraft referred to as the “pioneer anomaly”. Finally, and perhaps most significant, time mechanics provides a fundamental basis for the existence of space, time, matter and energy.

This study relies significantly on the work done by Albert Einstein in his theory of relativity for inspiration but, because of the incorporation of the geometric structure of time as being the primary framework, the mathematics required for proper understnding is much simpler than Einstein’s theory. The equations within this study are elegantly simple and are well within the grasp of any lay person interested in understanding the basic laws of nature. The theory of time mechanics is a revolutionary new approach to the study of time and fundamental physics, which combines the mathematics of science with a simple visual picture of how the physical forces of nature actually work to create a unified theory.

The scientific method requires a formal line of reasoning. First, a hypothesis must be formulated. Second, the hypothesis must be tested or testable and, finally, the results of the testing must be evaluated for consistency with the hypothesis. The process of formulating a hypothesis started with a concept; what is the smallest fundamental particle in nature? For my initial hypothesis, I assume this fundamental particle is a single point without any dimension or size. It is just an indivisible point. Individual points would clump together to form quarks and all the other matter of the universe. The universe is full of these indivisible points distributed throughout space. When an individual point is viewed from the three spatial dimensions it is quite boring and unremarkable. However, when the point is viewed from the perspective of the fourth dimension, time, it becomes quite interesting. This indivisible point in the fourth dimension becomes an inward moving spherical shell. This spherical shell has a radius, volume and, most importantly, an inward motion. The nature of this inward motion is the foundation of my hypothesis. I was able to formulate three distinct predictions from my hypothesis that were testable. The first test dealt with predicting the numerical value of the gravitational constant solely from my hypothesis. The second test was to predict the rate of unexplained inward acceleration of the two Pioneer spacecraft referred to as the “Pioneer Anomaly” and, finally, the third test was to predict the actual rate of acceleration for the expansion of the universe. The first two tests of the hypothesis worked out beautifully in that the calculated results match the data well within the margin of error. The third test, however, was troublesome. I was able to make the calculations, but the does not seem to be any data available to the public to compare to my prediction. Scientists seem to know that the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate, but the rate has not been published yet. Therefore, I must leave it to others in the future to evaluate the final test of the hypothesis. The final step in formulating my theory was to evaluate the test results with the predictions of the hypotesis. One item initially did not match the data. The resolution of this anomaly led to an important understanding of th nature of regular matter and dark matter. The distinction between the two types of matter follows nicely from the theory and led directly to the connection of my theory with quantum theory. The final theory matches beautifully with nature and retains an elegant simplicity.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION
II. THE STRUCTURE OF TIME
     2.1 Structure of Time
     2.2 The Geometry of Time
     2.3 Speed of the “NOW” Time Shell
     2.4 Rate of Acceleration and Increase in Rate of Acceleration of “NOW” Time Shell
     2.5 The End of Time
     2.6 Distance to the End of Time
     2.7 The Beginning of Time
     2.8 Mathematical Formulas and Ratios
III RELATING MATHEMATICAL FORMULA TO KNOWN PHYSICAL PHENOMENON
     3.1 Connection between Speed of “NOW” Time Shell and Speed of Light
          3.1.1 The Speed of “NOW” Time Shell and Speed of Light
          3.1.2 Time Dilation, Speed of “NOW” Time Shell and Speed of Light
          3.1.3 Conservation of Energy and Energy
          3.1.4 The Propagation of Light
     3.2 Acceleration of the “NOW” Time Shell and Increase in Rate of Acceleration of “NOW” Time Shell
     3.3 Connection between the Acceleration of the “NOW” Time Shell and the Hubble Constant
     3.4 Connection between the Acceleration of the “NOW” Time Shell and Gravitation
          3.4.1 Introduction to Gravitation
          3.4.2 The Time Source Point
          3.4.3 The Time Source Point Geometry
          3.4.4 The Acceleration of the “NOW” Time Shell
          3.4.5 Connection between the Acceleration of the “NOW” Time Shell and Gravitation
IV RELATING MATHEMATICAL FORMULA TO CURRENT MYSTERIES OF SCIENCE
     4.1 Connection between Speed of Light, Hubble Constant and the End of Time
     4.2 Connection between the Speed of the “NOW” Time Shell, Volume of Future Time and Distance to the End of Time
     4.3 Connection between the Increase in the Acceleration of the “NOW” Time Shell and the Accelerating Expansion of the Universe
     4.4 Connection between the Acceleration of the “NOW” Time Shell and the Pioneer Anomaly
     4.5 Time Dilation, Lorenz Transformations and the Planck Constant
          4.5.1 Introduction to Time Dilation and Lorenz Transformations
          4.5.2 Solitary Time Source Points vs. Clusters of Time Source Points
          4.5.3 The Planck Constant
          4.5.4 Unification of Graviational Force, Speed of Light and Planck Constant
SUMMARY
APPENDIX